第二阶段：核心语法（第5-8周）

学习目标

• 掌握英语的各种时态用法
• 理解语态（主动语态与被动语态）
• 熟练运用情态动词
• 能够正确使用各种时态进行表达

第5周：一般时态

Day 29：一般现在时（Simple Present）

构成

• 主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加s/es）

用法

1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作

• I get up at 6 every morning.
• She goes to school by bus.

2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理

• The earth goes around the sun.
• Water boils at 100°C.

3. 表示现在的状态、能力、性格

• He likes music.
• She is a teacher.

4. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来

• I’ll call you when I arrive.
• If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out.

时间标志词

always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year, on Sundays

第三人称单数变化规则

经典例句

1. He plays basketball every afternoon.
2. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. If you work hard, you will succeed.

今日练习

1. 用动词的正确形式填空：
   • She _____ (teach) English.
   • Water _____ (freeze) at 0°C.
   • I _____ (not know) his name.

Day 30：一般过去时（Simple Past）

构成

• 主语 + 动词过去式

用法

1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态

• I visited Beijing last year.
• She was a nurse before.

2. 表示过去习惯性的动作

• When I was young, I played football every day.

3. 有明确的过去时间状语

• He came here yesterday.

时间标志词

yesterday, last night/week/year, ago, in 1990, just now, the other day

动词过去式变化规则

常见不规则动词

经典例句

1. I saw a movie last night.
2. She didn’t come to school yesterday.
3. Did you finish your homework?

今日练习

1. 将下列句子改为一般过去时：
   • She goes to school by bike.
   • I don’t like coffee.
   • Does he speak English?

Day 31：一般将来时（Simple Future）

构成

1. will/shall + 动词原形
2. be going to + 动词原形

用法对比

1. will + 动词原形

• I will help you.（临时决定）
• I think it will rain tomorrow.（预测）
• Will you open the window?（请求）

2. be going to + 动词原形

• I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend.（计划）
• Look at those clouds! It**’s going to rain**.（有迹象的预测）

时间标志词

tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon, later

其他表示将来的方式

1. 现在进行时（表示计划安排好的）

   • I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

2. 一般现在时（时刻表、日程表）

   • The train leaves at 8 a.m.

经典例句

1. I will be 18 years old next year.
2. We are going to have a party tonight.
3. The plane takes off at 3 p.m.

今日练习

1. 用will或be going to填空：
   • Look! The baby _____ (fall) off the chair!
   • I’m thirsty. I _____ (get) some water.
   • She _____ (visit) her aunt next Sunday. It’s planned.

Day 32：一般时态综合练习

时态对比

综合练习

一、选择正确的时态

1. He _____ (go) to school every day.
2. She _____ (visit) the museum yesterday.
3. We _____ (have) a meeting tomorrow.
4. If it _____ (rain), we won’t go out.
5. The earth _____ (move) around the sun.

二、根据提示完成句子

1. 她昨天做了什么？ What _____ she _____ yesterday?

2. 他每天早上六点起床。 He _____ _____ at six every morning.

3. 明天将会下雨吗？ _____ it _____ tomorrow?

Day 33-35：一般时态专项练习与测试

（详细练习内容略）

第6周：进行时态与完成时态

Day 36：现在进行时（Present Continuous）

构成

• 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing

用法

1. 表示现在正在进行的动作

• She is reading a book now.
• What are you doing?

2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作

• I am learning English this year.

3. 表示已经安排好的将来动作

• I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

4. 与always等连用，表示反复发生（常含感情色彩）

• He is always complaining.（抱怨，贬义）

动词-ing变化规则

不用于进行时的动词

表示感觉、情感、拥有等的动词通常不用进行时：

• know, understand, believe, think, want, like, love, hate, belong, have（表拥有时）

经典例句

1. Listen! Someone is singing.
2. They are having a meeting now.
3. Look! The bus is coming.

今日练习

1. 用现在进行时完成句子：
   • Look! The children _____ (play) in the garden.
   • I _____ (study) for the exam these days.

Day 37：过去进行时（Past Continuous）

构成

• 主语 + was/were + 动词-ing

用法

1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

• I was watching TV at 8 last night.
• What were you doing this time yesterday?

2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作

• She was studying abroad last year.

3. when/while从句中

• I was doing homework when he came.
• While I was sleeping, the phone rang.

when与while的区别

• when：可接短暂动词或延续性动词
• while：只接延续性动词

常见结构：

• was/were doing + when + 过去时（突然）
• while + was/were doing, 过去时

经典例句

1. He was sleeping when I called him.
2. While she was cooking, he was reading.
3. I was walking along the street when I met an old friend.

今日练习

1. 用适当的时态填空：
   • What _____ you _____ (do) at 9 last night?
   • While I _____ (watch) TV, my mother _____ (come) back.

Day 38：将来进行时（Future Continuous）

构成

• 主语 + will be + 动词-ing

用法

1. 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作

• This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Beijing.

2. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作

• The manager will be waiting for you at the airport.

3. 礼貌询问

• Will you be using the car tonight?

经典例句

1. Don’t call me at 8 tomorrow. I will be having a meeting.
2. She will be working in the office at this time tomorrow.
3. Will you be staying here long?

Day 39：现在完成时（Present Perfect）

构成

• 主语 + have/has + 过去分词

用法

1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

• I have lost my key.（现在没有钥匙）
• She has gone to Beijing.（现在不在这里）

2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态

• I have lived here for ten years.
• She has been a teacher since 2010.

3. 表示到目前为止的经历

• I have been to Paris twice.
• Have you ever seen a whale?

时间标志词

already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, recently, since, for, in/during/over the past few years

have been to vs have gone to

• have been to：去过（人已回来）
• have gone to：去了（人不在这里）

短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换

短暂性动词不能与for/since连用，需转换：

例：

• He has been dead for three years.（✓）
• He has died for three years.（✗）

经典例句

1. I have just finished my homework.
2. She has studied English for five years.
3. Have you ever met a famous person?

今日练习

1. 用现在完成时完成句子：
   • I _____ (see) this movie before.
   • She _____ (be) a nurse since 2015.
   • _____ you ever _____ (visit) the Great Wall?

Day 40：过去完成时（Past Perfect）

构成

• 主语 + had + 过去分词

用法

1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作（过去的过去）

• When I arrived, he had left.（我到达时，他已经离开了）
• By the end of last year, I had learned 2000 words.

2. 在含有before, after, by the time等的句子中

• He had finished his work before I came.
• After she had done her homework, she watched TV.

3. 在wish, if only等虚拟语气中（表示与过去事实相反）

• I wish I had studied harder.

时间标志词

by the time, by the end of + 过去时间, before + 过去时间, after + 过去时间

时态对比

经典例句

1. The train had left when we got to the station.
2. She told me that she had seen the movie.
3. By the time I was 18, I had visited 10 countries.

今日练习

1. 用过去完成时或一般过去时填空：
   • When I _____ (get) home, my mother _____ (cook) dinner.
   • He said he _____ (finish) his homework.

Day 41：将来完成时（Future Perfect）

构成

• 主语 + will have + 过去分词

用法

表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作

• By next month, I will have finished this book.
• By the time you arrive, we will have left.

时间标志词

by + 将来时间, by the time + 将来

经典例句

1. By the end of this year, I will have learned 3000 words.
2. He will have graduated by this time next year.
3. By 2030, the population will have reached 8 billion.

Day 42：第6周复习与测试

本周知识点回顾

1. 现在进行时：am/is/are + doing
2. 过去进行时：was/were + doing
3. 将来进行时：will be + doing
4. 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词
5. 过去完成时：had + 过去分词
6. 将来完成时：will have + 过去分词

本周测试

选择正确的时态填空

1. Look! The boy _____ (swim) in the river.
2. While I _____ (sleep), someone knocked at the door.
3. By next month, I _____ (study) English for five years.
4. He _____ (live) here since 2010.
5. When she arrived, the meeting _____ (begin).

第7周：完成进行时与时态总结

Day 43：现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous）

构成

• 主语 + have/has been + 动词-ing

用法

1. 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作（可能继续）

• I have been waiting for you for two hours.
• She has been learning English since childhood.

2. 表示刚刚结束的动作，强调结果

• You look tired. Have you been working all day?

现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时

经典例句

1. I have been thinking about this problem.
2. She has been crying.（她一直在哭，眼睛还红着）
3. How long have you been waiting?

Day 44：过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous）

构成

• 主语 + had been + 动词-ing

用法

表示在过去某一时刻之前一直持续的动作

• I had been waiting for an hour when he finally came.
• She was tired because she had been working all day.

经典例句

1. He had been studying for three hours before he took a break.
2. The ground was wet. It had been raining.

Day 45：时态总复习

16种时态一览表

高考重点时态

1. 一般现在时
2. 一般过去时
3. 一般将来时
4. 现在进行时
5. 过去进行时
6. 现在完成时
7. 过去完成时

Day 46-48：时态综合练习

（详细练习内容）

Day 49：第7周复习与测试

第8周：被动语态与情态动词

Day 50：被动语态基础（Passive Voice）

被动语态的构成

• be + 过去分词
• be动词随时态变化

各时态的被动语态

经典例句

1. The book was written by Mark Twain.
2. English is spoken in many countries.
3. The car is being repaired now.

Day 51：主动与被动的转换

转换规则

1. 主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语
2. 主动句的谓语 → be + 过去分词
3. 主动句的主语 → by + 宾格（可省略）

例句转换

• They speak English in Canada. → English is spoken in Canada.

• The cat ate the fish. → The fish was eaten by the cat.

双宾语句子的被动语态

• He gave me a book. → I was given a book (by him). → A book was given to me (by him).

宾语补足语的被动语态

• We call him Tom. → He is called Tom.

• They made me do it. → I was made to do it.（省略的to要加回来）

不用被动语态的情况

1. 不及物动词没有被动语态
2. 系动词没有被动语态
3. 某些及物动词不用被动：have, fit, suit, hold, cost, last等

Day 52：被动语态的特殊用法

1. get + 过去分词（口语中常用）

• He got injured in the accident.

2. 主动形式表被动意义

• The book sells well.（书卖得好）
• The door won’t open.（门打不开）
• The cloth washes easily.（布料好洗）

3. need, want, require + doing = need to be done

• The car needs washing = The car needs to be washed.

4. 据说类结构

• It is said that… = Sb. is said to…
• It is said that he is ill. = He is said to be ill.
• 类似：It is reported/believed/thought/known that…

Day 53：情态动词（一）

什么是情态动词？

情态动词表示说话人的态度、情感，如能力、可能、必要、许可等。

情态动词的特点

1. 后接动词原形
2. 没有人称和数的变化（除have to）
3. 可直接构成否定和疑问

can / could

1. 表示能力

• I can swim.（我会游泳）
• Could you speak English when you were five?

2. 表示许可（口语）

• Can I use your pen?

3. 表示可能性（否定、疑问句中）

• He can’t be at home. He is at school.
• Could it be true?

4. could表示委婉请求

• Could you help me?

Day 54：情态动词（二）

may / might

1. 表示许可

• May I come in?
• You may go now.

2. 表示可能性（比can弱）

• He may be at home.
• It might rain tonight.

3. may表示祝愿

• May you succeed!

must / have to

1. must表示必须（主观）

• I must finish it today.

2. have to表示不得不（客观）

• I have to go now, or I’ll miss the bus.

3. must表示肯定推测（肯定句）

• He must be at home. The light is on.

4. mustn’t表示禁止

• You mustn’t smoke here.

5. don’t have to / needn’t表示不必

• You don’t have to come tomorrow.

注意

• must的否定推测用can’t
  • He can’t be ill.（他不可能病了）

Day 55：情态动词（三）

shall / should / ought to

1. shall（一般疑问句）征求意见

• Shall I open the window?

2. should表示应该

• You should study hard.

3. ought to = should

• You ought to be more careful.

will / would

1. will表示意愿、决心

• I will help you.

2. would表示过去习惯性动作

• When I was young, I would play in the park.

3. would表示委婉请求

• Would you like some tea?

need / dare

1. 作情态动词（多用于否定和疑问）

• You needn’t come.
• Dare he do it?

2. 作实义动词

• You don’t need to come.
• He doesn’t dare to do it.

Day 56：情态动词 + have done

表示对过去的推测

经典例句

1. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
2. You should have finished your homework.（你本应该完成作业的）
3. He needn’t have worried. Everything was fine.

Day 57：第8周复习与阶段测试

本周知识点回顾

1. 被动语态的构成与用法
2. 主动与被动的转换
3. 情态动词的用法
4. 情态动词 + have done

第二阶段测试

一、选择填空

1. The bridge _____ last year. A. built B. is built C. was built D. has built

2. English _____ in many countries. A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke

3. He _____ be at home. The door is locked. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t

4. You _____ have told me earlier. A. should B. can C. may D. must

5. The work _____ by now. A. finishes B. is finished C. has finished D. has been finished

二、主动与被动转换

6. They will hold a meeting tomorrow. → A meeting _____ _____ _____ tomorrow.

7. People speak English all over the world. → English _____ _____ all over the world.

三、情态动词填空

8. You look tired. You _____ (should) have had a good rest.
9. He _____ (can) be at school now. It’s Sunday.
10. I _____ (need) have bought so much bread. There was enough at home.

恭喜完成第二阶段学习！ 🎉

进入 第三阶段：进阶语法