第三阶段：进阶语法（第9-12周）

指人，在从句中作宾语（口语中常用who代替）
The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher. = The man who you met yesterday is my teacher.
介词后只能用whom
- The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.

whose（所有格）

指人或物，表示“……的“
The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend. （父亲是医生的那个男孩是我的朋友。）
I saw a house whose windows were broken. （我看到一所窗户破了的房子。）

经典例句

I know the girl who won the prize.
The person whom I called didn’t answer.
This is the student whose homework is the best.

Day 60：关系代词which, that

which

指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
The book which is on the desk is mine.（作主语）
The book which I bought is interesting.（作宾语，可省略）

that

指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语
The boy that is playing football is Tom.（指人）
The pen that you gave me is very nice.（指物）

只能用that的情况

先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, anything, something等）
- Is there anything that I can do for you?
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
- This is the best film that I have ever seen.
- He is the first person that arrived.
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰
- This is the only book that he has.
- This is the very thing that I want.
先行词既有人又有物
- He talked about the people and things that he saw.
主句是who或which引导的疑问句
- Who is the girl that is standing there?

只能用which的情况

非限制性定语从句
- The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.
介词后
- This is the house in which I lived.

Day 61：关系副词when, where, why

when

指时间，在从句中作时间状语
= at/on/in + which

例句：

I’ll never forget the day when I met you. = I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.

where

指地点，在从句中作地点状语
= at/in/to + which

例句：

This is the school where I studied. = This is the school at which I studied.

why

指原因，在从句中作原因状语
= for + which
先行词通常是reason

例句：

The reason why he was late is unknown. = The reason for which he was late is unknown.

判断技巧

看关系词在从句中的成分：

作主语/宾语 → 用关系代词
作状语 → 用关系副词

对比：

This is the place where I was born.（作状语）
This is the place that/which I visited.（作宾语）

Day 62：限制性与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

对先行词起限定作用，不可省略
与先行词之间无逗号

例句：

The students who work hard will succeed. （努力学习的学生会成功。）

非限制性定语从句

对先行词起补充说明作用，可省略
与先行词之间有逗号
不能用that

例句：

My mother, who is a teacher, is very kind. （我妈妈是一位老师，她很善良。）

指代整个主句

非限制性定语从句可以指代整个主句，用which或as引导：

He passed the exam, which made us happy. （他通过了考试，这使我们很高兴。）
As is known to all, the earth is round. = It is known to all that the earth is round.

Day 63：定语从句高级用法

介词 + 关系代词

结构：介词 + which/whom

例句：

This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
The man to whom I spoke is a doctor.

介词的选择

根据先行词的习惯搭配
根据从句中动词的搭配

例句：

The chair on which he is sitting is broken. （sit on the chair）
I don’t know the girl about whom they are talking. （talk about the girl）

“介词+关系代词+名词“结构

The building, the roof of which is red, is our library. = The building, whose roof is red, is our library.

Day 64：第9周复习与测试

定语从句测试

一、选择填空

The man _____ you met is my uncle. A. who B. whom C. which D. what
This is the place _____ I was born. A. which B. that C. where D. when
Is there anything _____ I can do? A. which B. that C. what D. who
She is the only one _____ can help you. A. which B. who C. whom D. that
The reason _____ he was late is that he missed the bus. A. which B. that C. why D. when

二、合并句子

The girl is my sister. She is wearing a red dress. → _______________________________________________
I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day. → _______________________________________________

第10周：名词性从句

Day 65：名词性从句概述

什么是名词性从句？

在句中充当名词功能的从句，包括：

主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句

连接词

that：无意义，不作成分，引导陈述句
whether/if：是否
wh-词：who, what, which, when, where, why, how等

Day 66：主语从句（Subject Clause）

基本结构

从句作主语

例句：

That he will come is certain. （他会来是肯定的。）
What he said is true. （他说的话是真的。）

It作形式主语

主语从句较长时，常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放到句末：

结构：It + be + adj./n. + that从句

例句：

It is certain that he will come.
It is a pity that you missed the party.
It is reported that the accident killed five people.

常见句型

It is + adj. + that从句
- It is important that you should study hard.
It is + n. + that从句
- It is a fact that the earth is round.
It + 动词 + that从句
- It seems that he is ill.
- It happened that I met him yesterday.

Day 67：宾语从句（Object Clause）

基本结构

从句作宾语

例句：

I know that he is honest.
I wonder whether he will come.
Please tell me what you want.

that在宾语从句中

可省略（口语中）
I think (that) he is right.

时态一致

主句是现在时，从句用任何所需要的时态
主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态
从句表示客观真理，用一般现在时

例句：

He said (that) he would come tomorrow.（时态后移）
The teacher told us (that) the earth goes around the sun.（真理不变）

if与whether的区别

介词后只能用whether
- It depends on whether he will agree.
后接or not时用whether
- I don’t know whether or not he will come.
动词不定式前用whether
- I don’t know whether to go.
主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句用whether
- Whether he will come is unknown.

Day 68：表语从句（Predicative Clause）

基本结构

从句作表语，位于系动词后

例句：

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The question is whether we should go.
That is why he was late.

常用于表语从句的系动词

be, seem, appear, look, remain

注意

表语从句中that不能省略
The reason is that he was ill.（原因是…）

reason与because/that

The reason is that…（正确）
The reason is because…（不规范）

Day 69：同位语从句（Appositive Clause）

什么是同位语从句？

解释说明某些抽象名词内容的从句

常见的先行名词

news, fact, idea, belief, hope, thought, doubt, question, problem, suggestion, advice, order, word（消息）

基本结构

名词 + that从句

例句：

The news that he won the prize surprised us. （他获奖的消息使我们惊讶。）
I have no idea when he will come. （我不知道他什么时候来。）

同位语从句与定语从句的区别

区别点	同位语从句	定语从句
功能	解释说明名词的具体内容	修饰限定名词，说明哪一个
that的作用	仅起连接作用，不作成分	作从句中的成分（主语/宾语）
that能否省略	不能省略	作宾语时可省略
判断方法	从句内容=名词内容	从句修饰限定名词

详细对比例句：

同位语从句：
- The news that he won the prize is true.
- 分析：that he won the prize 解释了 news 的具体内容（消息是什么？→ 他获奖了）
- that 在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用
- 可以改写为：The news is that he won the prize.
定语从句：
- The news that he told me is true.
- 分析：that he told me 修饰 news，说明是“哪个消息“（他告诉我的那个消息）
- that 在从句中作 told 的宾语（told me the news）
- that 可以省略：The news he told me is true.

判断技巧：

把 that 从句去掉后，如果名词内容不完整 → 同位语从句
把 that 从句去掉后，如果名词意思完整 → 定语从句
检查 that 在从句中是否充当成分，不作成分 → 同位语从句

Day 70：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

用于宾语从句

动词wish, suggest, demand, insist, order等后的从句用虚拟语气：

wish + 过去时（与现在相反）
- I wish I were a bird.
wish + 过去完成时（与过去相反）
- I wish I had studied harder.
suggest, demand, insist等 + should + 动词原形（should可省略）
- He suggested that we (should) start early.
- I insist that he (should) go at once.

用于主语从句

It is + adj./n. + that + should + 动词原形

常用形容词：important, necessary, strange, natural, essential

例句：

It is necessary that he (should) be present.
It is strange that she (should) say so.

Day 71：第10周复习与测试

名词性从句测试

一、选择填空

_____ he will come is certain. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
I don’t know _____ to go or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what
The reason why he was late is _____ he missed the bus. A. because B. that C. why D. for
The news _____ our team won surprised us. A. which B. what C. that D. as
It is important that he _____ present. A. is B. be C. was D. being

二、翻译句子

他什么时候到达还不知道。
问题是我们是否应该去。

第11周：状语从句

Day 72：时间状语从句

引导词

when, while, as, before, after, since, until/till, as soon as, by the time, the moment

when, while, as的区别

连词	用法
when	从句动作可长可短
while	从句动作必须延续
as	强调同时发生，“一边…一边…”

例句：

When I was young, I liked swimming.
While I was sleeping, someone knocked.
As she grew older, she became wiser.

until/till

肯定句：一直…直到…
- I waited until he came.
否定句：直到…才…
- I didn’t leave until he came.
not…until的强调句和倒装句：
- It was not until he came that I left.
- Not until he came did I leave.

as soon as, the moment, the instant

一…就…

I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
The moment I saw him, I recognized him.

时态注意

时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来

I’ll tell him when he comes.

Day 73：条件状语从句

引导词

if, unless, as/so long as, in case, provided/providing (that), on condition that

if与unless

if：如果
- If you work hard, you will succeed.
unless = if…not：除非，如果不
- Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed.

其他条件连词

as/so long as：只要
- As long as you try, you will succeed.
provided/providing (that)：如果，假如
- Provided that you agree, I’ll go.
in case：以防，万一
- Take an umbrella in case it rains.

时态注意

条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来

If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go.

Day 74：原因状语从句

引导词

because, since, as, for, now that, seeing that

区别

连词	语气	位置
because	最强，回答why	主句前或后
since	较弱，“既然”	通常在主句前
as	较弱，“由于”	通常在主句前
for	最弱，补充说明	只能在主句后

例句：

Because he was ill, he didn’t come.（回答why）
Since you are busy, I’ll do it myself.（既然）
As it was late, we went home.（由于）
He must be ill, for he is absent.（补充说明）

now that

既然（= since）

Now that you have finished, you may go.

Day 75：目的与结果状语从句

目的状语从句

引导词：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

例句：

Study hard so that you can pass the exam.
I got up early in order that I could catch the train.
He ran away for fear that he might be caught.

注意：从句中常有情态动词can, may, could, might, should

结果状语从句

引导词：so…that, such…that

结构：

so + adj./adv. + that
such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that

例句：

He was so tired that he fell asleep.
It is such a good book that everyone likes it.
He made such rapid progress that we were surprised.

so与such的区别

so + adj./adv.
such + n.
当名词前有many, much, few, little时，用so
- so many books, so much money

Day 76：让步状语从句

引导词

although/though, even though/even if, while, as, whether…or, no matter + wh-, wh-ever

although/though

虽然，尽管

Although he is old, he is healthy.
Though tired, he kept working.（倒装）

注意：不能和but连用

even though/even if

即使

Even if it rains, I will go.

as引导的让步从句（倒装）

Young as he is, he knows a lot. = Although he is young, he knows a lot.
Try as he might, he couldn’t succeed.

no matter + wh- = wh-ever

无论…

No matter what happens = Whatever happens
No matter who you are = Whoever you are

Day 77：比较状语从句

引导词

than, as…as, not as/so…as, the more…the more

than

比…

He is taller than I (am).
He works harder than anyone else.

as…as

和…一样

He is as tall as his father.
I have as many books as you (do).

not as/so…as

不如…

He is not as/so tall as his brother.

the more…the more

越…越…

The more you read, the more you learn.
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

Day 78：第11周复习与测试

状语从句测试

一、选择填空

_____ it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out. A. If B. Unless C. Although D. Because
He was _____ tired _____ he fell asleep at once. A. so…that B. such…that C. too…to D. very…that
_____ you have finished, you may go. A. Because B. Now that C. Although D. Unless
_____ hard he tried, he couldn’t succeed. A. Although B. However C. Whatever D. Even
I’ll wait _____ you come back. A. when B. until C. as D. since

二、用适当的连词填空

_____ he is young, he knows a lot.
Study hard _____ you can pass the exam.
_____ you work harder, you will fail.

第12周：非谓语动词与虚拟语气

Day 79：不定式（Infinitive）

构成

to + 动词原形

不定式的功能

1. 作主语

To learn English is important.
It is important to learn English.（it作形式主语）

2. 作宾语

I want to go.
I find it hard to understand.（it作形式宾语）

3. 作表语

My dream is to become a doctor.

4. 作定语

I have something to tell you.
Give me a pen to write with.

5. 作状语

He came to see me.（目的）
I’m happy to meet you.（原因）
He is too young to go to school.（结果）

6. 作宾语补足语

I want you to come.
The teacher asked me to answer the question.

省略to的不定式

使役动词（make, let, have）后：make sb. do
感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, feel）后：see sb. do
但在被动语态中要加to：sb. was made to do

Day 80：动名词（Gerund）

构成

动词-ing形式

动名词的功能

1. 作主语

Swimming is good exercise.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.

2. 作宾语

I enjoy reading.
I’m looking forward to meeting you.

3. 作表语

My hobby is reading.

4. 作定语

a sleeping bag（睡袋）
a waiting room（候车室）

只接动名词作宾语的动词

enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, practice, imagine, keep, give up, can’t help, feel like

口诀：完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help, imagine）喜欢介意要逃亡（enjoy, mind, avoid, escape）

Day 81：分词（Participle）

现在分词（doing）

主动意义
正在进行

过去分词（done）

被动意义
完成意义

分词的功能

1. 作定语

the rising sun（正在升起的太阳）
the risen sun（已升起的太阳）
a broken window（被打破的窗户）

2. 作表语

The news is exciting.（令人兴奋的）
I am excited.（感到兴奋的）

3. 作宾语补足语

I saw him running.（看见他正在跑）
I heard my name called.（听到名字被叫）

4. 作状语

Walking in the street, I met an old friend.（时间）
Being ill, he didn’t come.（原因）
Given more time, I could do it better.（条件）

-ing与-ed形容词的区别

-ing	-ed
令人…的（物作主语）	感到…的（人作主语）
The film is boring.	I am bored.
The news is exciting.	We are excited.

Day 82：独立主格结构

什么是独立主格结构？

名词/代词 + 分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语，作状语

常见形式

名词 + 现在分词
- Weather permitting, we’ll go out.
名词 + 过去分词
- The work finished, he went home.
名词 + 不定式
- So many people to help, he didn’t feel lonely.
with + 名词 + 分词/形容词/介词短语
- He sat there with his eyes closed.
- She came in with a book in her hand.

Day 83：虚拟语气（一）

什么是虚拟语气？

表示与事实相反或不可能实现的假设、愿望等。

条件句中的虚拟语气

1. 与现在事实相反

从句	主句
If + 主语 + 过去式（be用were）	主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形

If I were you, I would accept the offer.

2. 与过去事实相反

从句	主句
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词	主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词

If I had known it, I would have told you.

3. 与将来事实相反

从句	主句
If + 主语 + should/were to + 动词原形	主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

Day 84：虚拟语气（二）

wish后的虚拟语气

与现在相反：wish + 过去式
- I wish I were a bird.
与过去相反：wish + 过去完成式
- I wish I had studied harder.
与将来相反：wish + would/could + 原形
- I wish he would come tomorrow.

as if/as though后的虚拟语气

He talks as if he knew everything.（与现在相反）
He talks as if he had been there.（与过去相反）

would rather后的虚拟语气

I’d rather you came tomorrow.（与现在/将来相反）
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.（与过去相反）

It’s (high) time后的虚拟语气

It’s time we went to bed.
It’s high time that we started.

Day 85：第12周复习与阶段测试

本周知识点回顾

不定式的用法
动名词的用法
分词的用法
独立主格结构
虚拟语气

第三阶段测试

一、选择填空

I enjoy _____ books. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
The boy _____ under the tree is my brother. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. to stand
If I _____ you, I would accept the offer. A. am B. was C. were D. be
I wish I _____ harder last year. A. study B. studied C. had studied D. would study
He came in with a book _____ in his hand. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to hold

二、翻译句子

我想让你帮助我。
如果我是你，我会接受这个提议。
他说起话来好像什么都知道似的。

恭喜完成第三阶段学习！ 🎉

进入第四阶段：高考冲刺

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